Overview
Ulcerative Colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting the lining of the large intestine (colon). Unlike Crohn’s, UC is continuous, beginning in the rectum and extending upward.
Common Symptoms
• Bloody or mucus-filled diarrhea
• Urgency and frequent bathroom trips
• Abdominal pain or cramping
• Fatigue
• Weight loss
• Anemia
• Tenesmus (feeling of incomplete emptying)
Causes
UC results from immune dysregulation, genetics, environmental triggers, and microbiome imbalance.
Triggers
• Stress
• High-fat meals
• Alcohol
• Caffeine
• Lactose (if intolerant)
• Infections
• NSAIDs
Diagnosis
Colonoscopy with biopsy is the gold standard. Bloodwork and stool tests help rule out infections.
Treatment
• Anti-inflammatory medications
• 5-ASA drugs
• Corticosteroids
• Immunomodulators
• Biologics
• Surgery for severe cases (colectomy)
Self-Management
A food and symptom diary helps identify patterns. During flare-ups, low-residue or bland diets may reduce symptoms. Sleep, stress control, and hydration significantly improve quality of life.