Overview
Gastroenteritis is an acute inflammation of the stomach and intestines resulting from viral, bacterial, or parasitic infection. It is one of the most common global illnesses and spreads through contaminated food, water, or close contact.
Common Causes
- Viruses: norovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus
- Bacteria: E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter
- Parasites: Giardia, Cryptosporidium
- Toxins: improperly stored foods
Symptoms
- Sudden nausea or vomiting
- Watery diarrhea
- Abdominal cramps
- Fever
- Chills
- Headache
- Dehydration (dry mouth, dizziness, low urine)
How It Spreads
- Contaminated water
- Raw or undercooked foods
- Cross-contamination
- Person-to-person contact
Diagnosis
Most cases are diagnosed clinically. Persistent cases may require stool testing for bacteria, parasites, or viruses.
Treatment
- Rest and hydration (electrolytes critical)
- Clear liquids → bland foods (BRAT diet)
- Avoid dairy, heavy meals, caffeine, and alcohol
- Antibiotics ONLY for confirmed bacterial cases
- Antidiarrheals used with caution
Prevention
- Handwashing
- Safe food handling
- Clean water
- Proper refrigeration
Self-Management Using the App
Track symptom duration, frequency of diarrhea/vomiting, fluid intake, and foods tolerated.