Overview
Crohn’s Disease is a form of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) characterized by chronic inflammation that can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract—from mouth to anus. Inflammation often appears in patches (“skip lesions”) and may penetrate deep into intestinal layers.
Common Symptoms
• Persistent diarrhea
• Abdominal pain or cramping
• Fatigue
• Weight loss
• Loss of appetite
• Rectal bleeding
• Mouth sores
• Malnutrition, anemia, B12 deficiency
Causes
Crohn’s is believed to result from a combination of genetics, immune dysregulation, environmental triggers, and microbiome imbalance.
Common Triggers
• Stress
• High-fat or greasy foods
• Dairy (if intolerant)
• Alcohol
• Caffeine
• Processed foods
• Infections
• NSAIDs
Diagnosis
Evaluation may include blood tests, stool tests, colonoscopy, endoscopy, imaging (CT/MRI), and biopsies.
Treatment Options
• Anti-inflammatory medications
• Corticosteroids for flares
• Immunosuppressants
• Biologic therapies
• Antibiotics for complications
• Surgery for strictures, fistulas, or severe damage
Self-Management
Tracking symptoms, meals, stress, sleep, and bathroom patterns helps identify personal triggers and flare patterns. Many patients benefit from low-residue diets during flare-ups. Hydration and stress reduction significantly improve outcomes.